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The summaries are free for public use. The Chronic Liver Disease Foundation will continue to add and archive summaries of articles deemed relevant to CLDF by the Board of Trustees and its Advisors.

1.	Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy and Mild Cognitive Impairment Worsen Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Cirrhosis
	Bajaj JS¹, Duarte-Rojo A², Xie JJ², Acharya C³, Wade J³, Robles C⁴, Thacker LR³, Flud C², Fagan A³, Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia M², White MB³, Kelly M⁴, Nguyen V⁴, Gavis EA³, Vargas HE⁴. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Mar 20. pii: S1542-3565(20)30345-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.033. [Epub ahead of print]

2.	Clinical management of type C hepatic encephalopathy
	Ridola L¹, Riggio O¹, Gioia S¹, Faccioli J¹, Nardelli S¹. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020 Feb 26:2050640620909675. doi: 10.1177/2050640620909675. [Epub ahead of print]

3.	Cognition and Hospitalizations are Linked with Salivary and Fecal Microbiota in Cirrhosis Cohorts from USA and Mexico
	Bajaj JS¹, Torre A², Lara Rojas M², Fagan A¹, Nandez IE², Gavis EA¹, De Leon Osorio O², White MB¹, Fuchs M¹, Sikaroodi M³, Gillevet PM³. Liver Int. 2020 Mar 17. doi: 10.1111/liv.14437. [Epub ahead of print]

4.	TIPS Modification in the Management of Shunt-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy: Analysis of Predictive Factors and Outcome with Shunt Modification
	Schindler P¹, Seifert L², Masthoff M¹, Riegel A¹, Köhler M¹, Wilms C², Schmidt HH², Heinzow H², Wildgruber M^1,3. J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 19;9(2). pii: E567. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020567.

Effect of opioid treatment on clinical outcomes among cirrhotic patients in the United States

Ali B¹, Jiang Y², Agbim U¹, Kedia SK², Satapathy SK³, Barnes M¹, Maliakkal B⁴, Nair SP⁴, Eason JD⁴, Gonzalez HC^5,6. Clin Transplant. 2020 Feb 25:e13845. doi: 10.1111/ctr.13845. [Epub ahead of print]

6.	Cerebral edema and liver disease: Classic perspectives and contemporary hypotheses on mechanism
	Liotta EM¹, Kimberly WT². Neurosci Lett. 2020 Mar 16;721:134818. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134818. Epub 2020 Feb 5.

7.	Body composition predicts mortality and decompensation in compensated cirrhosis patients: A prospective cohort study
	Tapper EB^1,2,3, Zhang P¹, Garg R¹, Nault T¹, Leary K¹, Krishnamurthy V^4,5, Su GL^1,3. JHEP Rep. 2019 Dec 5;2(1):100061. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.11.005. eCollection 2020 Feb.

8.	Exercise-Induced Hyperammonemia Does Not Precipitate Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Lin FP¹, Ferrando AA², Dennis RA^2,3, Dunn MA⁴, Kim WR⁵, Duarte-Rojo A³. Hepatology. 2020 Jan 30. doi: 10.1002/hep.31148. [Epub ahead of print]

9.	Microbiota changes and Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation in Liver Diseases and Cirrhosis
	Bajaj JS¹, Khoruts A². J Hepatol. 2020 Jan 28. pii: S0168-8278(20)30058-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.017. [Epub ahead of print]

10.	Propensity for seizure-related cortical laminar necrosis in hepatic encephalopathy
	Peters J¹, Vijiaratnam N¹, Wong JZW¹, Jitpiriyaroj S¹, Chandra RV^1,2, Kempster PA^1,3. Epilepsy Behav Rep. 2019 Nov 15;12:100348. doi: 10.1016/j.ebr.2019.100348. eCollection 2019.

11.	The association between hepatic encephalopathy/minimal hepatic encephalopathy and depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review
	Eftekar M¹. Australas Psychiatry. 2019 Dec 23:1039856219875054. doi: 10.1177/1039856219875054. [Epub ahead of print]

12.	Cirrhosis: Diagnosis and Management.
	Smith A¹, Baumgartner K¹, Bositis C¹. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Dec 15;100(12):759-770.

13.

Microbial Functional Change is Linked with Clinical Outcomes after Capsular Fecal Transplant in Cirrhosis

Bajaj JS, Salzman N, Acharya C, Takei H, Kakiyama G, Fagan A, White MB, Gavis EA, Holtz ML, Hayward M, Nittono H, Hylemon PB, Cox IJ, Williams R, Taylor-Robinson SD, Sterling RK, Matherly SC, Fuchs M, Lee H, Puri P, Stravitz RT, Sanyal AJ, Ajayi L, Le Guennec A, Atkinson RA, Siddiqui MS, Luketic VA, Pandak WM, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM. JCI Insight. 2019 Nov 21. pii: 133410. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.133410. [Epub ahead of print]

14.	Low-Value Levels: Ammonia Testing Does Not Improve the Outcomes of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Tapper EB^1,2, Rahimi RS³. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Nov 8. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000454. [Epub ahead of print]

15.	Incidence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Population-Based Cohort of Americans With Cirrhosis
	Tapper EB^1,2, Henderson JB³, Parikh ND^1,2, Ioannou GN⁴, Lok AS¹. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Sep 6;3(11):1510-1519. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1425. eCollection 2019 Nov.

16.	Ammonia Levels Do Not Guide Clinical Management of Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy Caused by Cirrhosis
	Haj M¹, Rockey DC¹. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Oct 14. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000343. [Epub ahead of print]

17.	Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in liver cirrhosis: A viewpoint on the clinical impact of minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Nardelli S¹, Gioia S¹, Faccioli J¹, Riggio O¹, Ridola L². World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Sep 21;25(35):5257-5265. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i35.5257.

18.	Health-related quality of life in patients with compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis
	Labenz C¹, Toenges G², Schattenberg JM¹, Nagel M¹, Huber Y¹, Marquardt JU¹, Galle PR¹, Wörns MA³. Eur J Intern Med. 2019 Sep 14. pii: S0953-6205(19)30317-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.09.004. [Epub ahead of print]

19.	Hepatic Encephalopathy in the Hospitalized Patient: A Review for Hospitalists
	Chela HK¹, Basra N¹, Naqvi SH¹. Mo Med. 2019 Jul-Aug;116(4):308-312.

20.	Hepatic Encephalopathy is a Strong Predictor of Early Hospital Readmission Among Cirrhosis Patients
	Sood KT¹, Wong RJ¹. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Jul-Aug;9(4):484-490. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

21.	Chinese guidelines on management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis
	Xu XY¹, Ding HG², Li WG³, Jia JD⁴, Wei L⁵, Duan ZP⁶, Liu YL⁷, Ling-Hu EQ⁸, Zhuang H⁹, Hepatology CSO, Association CM. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Sep 28;25(36):5403-5422. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5403.

22.	The Gastroenterologist's Guide to Preventive Management of Compensated Cirrhosis
	Shetty A¹, Jun Yum J¹, Saab S¹. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2019 Aug;15(8):423-430.

23.	"Let my liver rather heat with wine" - a review of hepatic fibrosis pathophysiology and emerging therapeutics
	Moscoso CG¹, Steer CJ^1,2. Hepat Med. 2019 Sep 2;11:109-129. doi: 10.2147/HMER.S213397. eCollection 2019.

24.	Serum and urinary metabolomics and outcomes in cirrhosis
	Bajaj JS¹, Fan S², Thacker LR³, Fagan A¹, Gavis E¹, White MB¹, Heuman DM¹, Fuchs M¹, Fiehn O². PLoS One. 2019 Sep 27;14(9):e0223061. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223061. eCollection 2019.

25.	Exhaled breath analysis in hepatology: State-of-the-art and perspectives
	De Vincentis A¹, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U², Sabatini A³, Antonelli-Incalzi R², Picardi A². World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Aug 14;25(30):4043-4050. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4043.

26.	Predicting Heart Failure After TIPS: Still More Questions Than Answers
	Baiges A^1,2, Garcia-Pagán JC^1,2. Hepatology. 2019 Sep 13. doi: 10.1002/hep.30948. [Epub ahead of print]

27.	Critically Ill Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease
	Crager S¹. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2019 Aug;37(3):511-527. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.03.008. Epub 2019 May 21.

28.	Aminopyrine Breath Test Predict Liver-related Events and Death in HCV-related Cirrhosis on SVR after DAA Therapy
	Petta S¹, Rini F¹, Calvaruso V¹, Cammà C¹, Ciminnisi S¹, Di Marco V¹, Giannini EG², Grimaudo S¹, Pipitone RM¹, Craxì A¹. Liver Int. 2019 Sep 11. doi: 10.1111/liv.14250. [Epub ahead of print]

29.	Supplementation with Synbiotics and/or Branched Chain Amino Acids in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Pilot Randomised Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
	Vidot H^1,2, Cvejic E³, Finegan LJ⁴, Shores EA⁵, Bowen DG^6,7,8, Strasser SI^7,8, McCaughan GW^6,7,8, Carey S⁹, Allman-Farinelli M¹⁰, Shackel NA¹¹. Nutrients. 2019 Aug 6;11(8). pii: E1810. doi: 10.3390/nu11081810.

30.	Comparative Efficacy of Treatment Options for Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review & Network Meta-analysis
	Dhiman RK¹, Thumburu KK², Verma N³, Chopra M³, Rathi S³, Dutta U⁴, Singal AK⁵, Taneja S³, Duseja A³, Singh M²; Indian National Association for Study of Liver (INASL) Hepatic Encephalopathy Study Group (IHESG). Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Aug 30. pii: S1542-3565(19)30969-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.08.047. [Epub ahead of print]

31.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota that Modulates Cognitive Performance in Veterans with Cirrhosis
	Bajaj JS¹, Sikaroodi M², Fagan A³, Heuman DM, Gilles HC⁴, Gavis EA⁴, Fuchs M⁴, Gonzalez-Maeso J⁵, Nizam S⁶, Gillevet PM⁷, Wade JB⁵. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2019 Aug 28. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00194.2019. [Epub ahead of print]

32.	Hepatic encephalopathy is reversible in the long-term after liver transplantation
	Hopp AE¹, Dirks M^1,2, Petrusch C¹, Goldbecker A^1,2, Tryc AB^1,2, Barg-Hock H³, Strassburg C⁴, Klempnauer J^2,3, Weissenborn K^1,2, Pflugrad H^1,2. Liver Transpl. 2019 Aug 22. doi: 10.1002/lt.25626. [Epub ahead of print]

33.	Variability and Lability of Ammonia Levels in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Cirrhosis: Implications for Trial Design and Clinical Practice
	Bajaj JS¹, Bloom PP², Chung RT², Hassanein TI³, Padilla-Martinez M³, Kayali Z⁴, Rockey DC⁵, Sasso R⁵, Muthukumar AR⁶, Lee WM⁶, Denney WS⁷, Gavis EA¹, Anderson C⁸, Blankstein L⁸, Brennan AM⁸, Puurunen MK⁸, Lawitz E⁹. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Aug 21. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000384. [Epub ahead of print]

34.	Association between sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
	Wijarnpreecha K¹, Werlang M², Panjawatanan P³, Kroner PT², Cheungpasitporn W⁴, Lukens FJ², Pungpapong S², Ungprasert P⁵. Ann Hepatol. 2019 Jul 13. pii: S1665-2681(19)32193-3. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.06.007. [Epub ahead of print]

35.	Problematic Cannabis Use and Risk of Complications in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
	Rashid W¹, Patel V², Ravat V³, Madireddy S⁴, Jaladi PR⁵, Tahir M⁶, Bhimanadham NN⁷, Kuduva Rajan S⁸, Imran S⁹, Patel RS¹⁰. Cureus. 2019 Aug 12;11(8):e5373. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5373.

36.	Biomarkers for oralization during long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy predict survival in cirrhosis
	Horvath A^1,2, Rainer F³, Bashir M⁴, Leber B⁵, Schmerboeck B^3,6, Klymiuk I⁷, Groselj-Strele A⁸, Durdevic M⁸, Freedberg DE⁹, Abrams JA⁹, Fickert P³, Stiegler P⁵, Stadlbauer V³. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 19;9(1):12000. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48352-5.

37.	Outcomes in Clinical Trials Evaluating Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Gluud LL¹, Jeyaraj R², Morgan MY². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 May-Jun;9(3):354-361. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.02.004. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

38.

Supplementation with Synbiotics and/or Branched Chain Amino Acids in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Pilot Randomised Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

Vidot H^1,2, Cvejic E³, Finegan LJ⁴, Shores EA⁵, Bowen DG^6,7,8, Strasser Nutrients. 2019 Aug 6;11(8). pii: E1810. doi: 10.3390/nu11081810.

SI^7,8, McCaughan GW^6,7,8, Carey S⁹, Allman-Farinelli M¹⁰, Shackel NA¹¹.

39.	Fecal Microbial Transplant Capsules Are Safe in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Phase 1, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
	Bajaj JS^1,2, Salzman NH³, Acharya C^1,2, Sterling RK^1,2, White MB^1,2, Gavis EA^1,2, Fagan A^1,2, Hayward M³, Holtz ML³, Matherly S^1,2, Lee H^1,2, Osman M⁴, Siddiqui MS⁴, Fuchs M³, Puri P³, Sikaroodi M⁵, Gillevet PM⁵. Hepatology. 2019 Apr 30. doi: 10.1002/hep.30690. [Epub ahead of print]

40.	Beneficial effects of L-ornithine L-aspartate for prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis
	Butterworth RF¹. Metab Brain Dis. 2019 Jul 23. doi: 10.1007/s11011-019-00463-8. [Epub ahead of print]

41.	Dietary approach and gut microbiota modulation for chronic hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis
	Campion D¹, Giovo I¹, Ponzo P¹, Saracco GM¹, Balzola F¹, Alessandria C². World J Hepatol. 2019 Jun 27;11(6):489-512. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i6.489.

42.	Targets to improve quality of care for patients with hepatic encephalopathy: data from a multi-centre cohort
	Bajaj JS¹, O'Leary JG², Tandon P³, Wong F⁴, Kamath PS⁵, Biggins SW^6,7, Garcia-Tsao G⁸, Lai J⁹, Fallon MB^10,11, Thuluvath PJ¹², Vargas HE¹³, Maliakkal B^14,15, Subramanian RM¹⁶, Thacker LR¹, Reddy KR¹⁷.

43.	Bedside Measures of Frailty and Cognitive Function Correlate with Sarcopenia in Patients with Cirrhosis
	Tapper EB^1,2, Derstine B³, Baki J⁴, Su GL^5,6. Dig Dis Sci. 2019 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05713-4. [Epub ahead of print]

44.	The efficacy and safety of rifaximin-a: a 2-year observational study of overt hepatic encephalopathy
	Oey RC¹, Buck LEM², Erler NS³, van Buuren HR², de Man RA². Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2019 Jun 23;12:1756284819858256. doi: 10.1177/1756284819858256. eCollection 2019.

45.	Association of proton pump inhibitors with risk of hepatic encephalopathy in advanced liver disease: A meta-analysis
	Tantai XX¹, Yang LB¹, Wei ZC¹, Xiao CL¹, Chen LR¹, Wang JH¹, Liu N². World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jun 7;25(21):2683-2698. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i21.2683.

46.	Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults with cirrhosis
	Zacharias HD¹, Zacharias AP, Gluud LL, Morgan MY. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 17;6:CD012334. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012334.pub2. [Epub ahead of print]

47.	Beyond Lactulose: Treatment Options for Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Said VJ¹, Garcia-Trujillo E. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2019 May/Jun;42(3):277-285. doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000376.

48.	Choosing Wisely Canada-Top Five List in Hepatology: Official Position Statement of the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL) and Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC)
	Brahmania M¹, Renner EL², Coffin CS³, Yoshida EM⁴, Wong P⁵, Zeman M⁶, Shah H⁷. Ann Hepatol. 2019 Jan - Feb;18(1):165-171. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7908.

49.	Adherence to Recommended Inpatient Hepatic Encephalopathy Workup
	Kumral D¹, Qayyum R², Roseff S³, Sterling RK¹, Siddiqui MS¹.

50.	Prognostic Role of Ammonia in Patients With Cirrhosis
	Shalimar¹, Sheikh MF², Mookerjee RP², Agarwal B^2,3, Acharya SK¹, Jalan R². Hepatology. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/hep.30534. [Epub ahead of print]

51.	A Head CT is Unnecessary in the Initial Evaluation of A Cirrhotic Patient with Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Kumar S¹, Modi R², Bhandari BM², Sass DA¹, Rothstein KD³. Ann Hepatol. 2018 Sep - Oct;17(5):810-814. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.3141.

52.	How to Design a Multicenter Clinical Trial in Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Ridola L¹, Nardelli S², Gioia S², Riggio O². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Jan-Feb;9(1):137-145. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.02.007. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

53.	Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) in Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Kircheis G¹, Lüth S². Drugs. 2019 Feb;79(Suppl 1):23-29. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1023-2.

54.	L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: Results of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-Analyses
	Butterworth RF¹, McPhail MJW². Drugs. 2019 Feb;79(Suppl 1):31-37. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1024-1.

55.	Increasing Burden of Hepatic Encephalopathy Among Hospitalized Adults: An Analysis of the 2010-2014 National Inpatient Sample
	Hirode G¹, Vittinghoff E², Wong RJ³. Dig Dis Sci. 2019 Mar 13. doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05576-9. [Epub ahead of print]

56.	Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients With Cirrhosis
	Ghosh G¹, Jesudian AB². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Mar-Apr;9(2):257-267. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.08.006. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

57.	Updates on the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets for hepatic encephalopathy
	Alsahhar JS¹, Rahimi RS. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2019 May;35(3):145-154. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000527.

58.	Lower 90-day Hospital Readmission Rates for Esophageal Variceal Bleeding After TIPS: A Nationwide Linked Analysis
	Rush B¹, Deol N², Teriyaki A², Sey M², Jairath V^2,3, Walley KR^1,4, Celi LA^5,6, Brahmania M². J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb 27. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001199. [Epub ahead of print]

59.	Prognostic Implications of Minimal/Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy: Large-scale Validation Cohort Studies
	Flud CR¹, Duarte-Rojo A². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Jan-Feb;9(1):112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 May 4.

60.	Specific Gut and Salivary Microbiota Patterns Are Linked With Different Cognitive Testing Strategies in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Bajaj JS¹, Fagan A¹, White MB¹, Wade JB², Hylemon PB^3,4, Heuman DM¹, Fuchs M¹, John BV¹, Acharya C¹, Sikaroodi M², Gillevet PM². Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jan 28. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000102. [Epub ahead of print]

61.	Bile Acids in Hepatic Encephalopathy
	DeMorrow S^1,2. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Jan-Feb;9(1):117-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.011. Epub 2018 May 4.

62.	Role of Exercise in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy: Experience From Animal and Human Studies
	Aamann L¹, Tandon P², Bémeur C^3,4. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Jan-Feb;9(1):131-136. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.07.006. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

63.	Prognostic Implications of Minimal/Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy: Large-scale Validation Cohort Studies
	Flud CR¹, Duarte-Rojo A². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Jan-Feb;9(1):112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 May 4.

64.	Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: Pathology and Pathophysiology
	Butterworth RF¹. Drugs. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1017-0. [Epub ahead of print]

65.	Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Female Athlete
	Louis-Charles K¹, Biggie K², Wolfinbarger A¹, Wilcox B³, Kienstra CM². Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019 Feb;18(2):49-52. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000563.

66.	Impact of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis on Quality-of-Life Issues
	Montagnese S¹, Bajaj JS². Drugs. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1019-y. [Epub ahead of print]

67.	Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Clinical Grading and Diagnostic Principles
	Weissenborn K¹. Drugs. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1018-z. [Epub ahead of print]

68.	Nationwide Estimates and Risk Factors of Hospital Readmission in Patients with Cirrhosis in the United States
	Tapper EB^1,2. Hepatology. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/hep.30533. [Epub ahead of print]

69.	Predicting Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy for the Population with Cirrhosis
	Tapper EB^1,2. Hepatology. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/hep.30533. [Epub ahead of print]

70.	The Psychomotor Vigilance Task: Role in the Diagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Relationship with Driving Ability
	Formentin C¹, De Rui M¹, Zoncapè M¹, Ceccato S¹, Zarantonello L¹, Senzolo M², Burra P², Angeli P¹, Amodio P¹, Montagnese S³. J Hepatol. 2019 Jan 8. pii: S0168-8278(19)30005-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.12.031. [Epub ahead of print]

71.	Frailty Associated With Waitlist Mortality Independent of Ascites and Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Multi-Center Study
	Lai JC¹, Rahimi R², Verna EC³, Kappus MR⁴, Dunn MA⁵, McAdams-DeMarco M⁶, Haugen CE⁷, Volk ML⁸, Duarte-Rojo A⁹, Ganger DR¹⁰, O'leary JG¹¹, Dodge JL¹², Ladner D¹³, Segev D⁷. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan 17. pii: S0016-5085(19)30058-7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.028. [Epub ahead of print]

72.	Same- vs Different-Hospital Readmissions in Patients With Cirrhosis After Hospital Discharge
	Okafor PN¹, Nnadi AK², Okoli O³, Huang AE⁴, Nwaiwu O⁵. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jan 18. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000050. [Epub ahead of print]

73.	Resolution of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy and absence of variceal bleeding in decompensated hepatitis C virus cirrhosis patients
	Romano J¹, Sims OT²,³,⁴,⁵, Richman J⁶, Guo Y⁷, Matin T⁸, Shoreibah M⁹, Kommineni V¹, Venkata K¹, Massoud OI⁹. JGH Open. 2018 Sep 19;2(6):317-321. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12091. eCollection 2018 Dec.

74.	Superior Performance of Teaching and Transplant Hospitals in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy from 2007 to 2014
	Bodek D¹, Patel P¹, Ahlawat S¹, Orosz E¹, Nasereddin T¹, Pyrsopoulos N¹. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2018 Dec 28;6(4):362-371. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2017.00078. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

75.	Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Associated with an Increased Frequency of New or Worsening Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation
	Lewis DS¹, Lee TH², Konanur M¹, Ziegler C¹, Hall MD¹, Pabon-Ramos WM¹, Suhocki PV¹, Smith TP¹, Kim CY¹, Choi SS², Ronald J³. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019 Jan 10. pii: S1051-0443(18)31602-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.10.015. [Epub ahead of print]

76.	Quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Ridola L¹, Nardelli S², Gioia S², Riggio O². World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Dec 28;24(48):5446-5453. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5446.

77.	Hepatic encephalopathy 2018: A clinical practice guideline by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF)
	Montagnese S¹, Russo FP², Amodio P³, Burra P², Gasbarrini A⁴, Loguercio C⁵, Marchesini G⁶, Merli M⁷, Ponziani FR⁴, Riggio O⁷, Scarpignato C⁸. Dig Liver Dis. 2018 Dec 12. pii: S1590-8658(18)31274-X. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.11.035. [Epub ahead of print]

78.	Clinical Predictors for Poor Quality of Life in Patients With Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy
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202.	Salivary Microbiota Reflects Changes in Gut Microbiota in Cirrhosis with Hepatic Encephalopathy
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220.	Prolonged remission from hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin: results of a placebo crossover analysis
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271.	Increased toll-like receptor 4 in cerebral endothelial cells contributes to the astrocyte swelling and brain edema in acute hepatic encephalopathy
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281.	Insight into the relationship between brain/behavioral speed and variability in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
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285.	Oral l-ornithine-l-aspartate in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial
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286.	In patients with liver cirrhosis, proinflammatory interleukins correlate with health-related quality of life irrespective of minimal hepatic encephalopathy
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287.	Image-guided Intervention in Management of Complications of Portal Hypertension: More than TIPS for Success
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288.	Oral Acetyl-L-Carnitine treatment in hepatic encephalopathy: view of evidence-based medicine
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294.	Effects of Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Hepatic Encephalopathy and Outcome in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
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296.	Rehabilitation for cirrhotic patients discharged after hepatic encephalopathy improves survival
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297.	Contributions of microdialysis to new alternative therapeutics for hepatic encephalopathy
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298.	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Comparing Rifaximin Plus Lactulose With Lactulose Alone in Treatment of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy
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299.	Effects of intravenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis and episodic hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized double-blind study
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300.	Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy
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301.	Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial-spin labeling MRI: A useful biomarker for characterization of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis
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302.	Cerebral oedema is rare in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients presenting with high-grade hepatic encephalopathy
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303.	Grey and white matter abnormalities in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a study combining voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics
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304.	Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with hepatic encephalopathy risk: A systematic review
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305.	Abnormal baseline brain activity in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy revealed by resting-state functional MRI
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306.	Mini-Mental State Examination in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and liver cirrhosis: a prospective, quantified electroencephalography study
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307.	The liver-brain axis in liver failure: neuroinflammation and encephalopathy
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308.	Therapeutic effects of blood purification in treatment of fulminant hepatic failure
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309.	Feasibility of adjunct therapeutic hypothermia treatment for hyperammonemia and encephalopathy due to urea cycle disorders and organic acidemias
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311.	Synbiotic formulation of probiotic and lactulose combination for hepatic encephalopathy treatment: A realistic hope?
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312.	Plasmapheresis as adjuvant therapy in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy
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313.	Percutaneous Transvenous Embolization for Portal-Systemic Shunts associated with Encephalopathy: Long-term outcomes in 14 patients
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314.	Safety of Ornithine Phenylacetate in Cirrhotic Decompensated Patients: An Open-label, Dose-escalating, Single-cohort Study
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317.	A systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of oral zinc in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
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318.	Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Have a Beneficial Effect on Manifestations of Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
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320.	Serum nitrotyrosine and psychometric tests as indicators of impaired fitness to drive in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
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321.	Cognitive Dysfunction is Associated with Poor Socio-Economic Status in Patients with Cirrhosis: an International Multi-Center Study
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322.	Efficacy of rifaximin versus lactulose for reducing the recurrence of overt hepatic encephalopathy and hopitalizations in cirrhosis
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323.	Hepatic encephalopathy: etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs
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324.	Hepatic encephalopathy: diagnosis and treatment
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325.	Rifaximin versus Nonabsorbable Disaccharides for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Meta-Analysis.
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326.	Role of the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide pathway in the pathogenesis and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy
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327.	Differential Impact of Hyponatremia and Hepatic Encephalopathy on Health-Related Quality of Life and Brain Metabolite Abnormalities in Cirrhosis
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328.	Update on the management of cirrhosis - focus on cost-effective preventative strategies
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329.	Use of ImPACT to Diagnose Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Accurate, Practical, User-Friendly Internet-Based Neuropsychological Test Battery
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331.	Clinical impact of arterial ammonia levels in ICU patients with different liver diseases
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332.	Correlation between serum magnesium levels and hepatic encephalopathy in immediate post liver transplantation period
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333.	Impaired brain activity in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: evaluation by near infrared spectroscopy
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334.	GABAergic transmission in hepatic encephalopathy
	Sergeeva OA. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Apr 23. pii: S0003-9861(13)00118-5. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.005. [Epub ahead of print]

335.	Inflammation and Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Coltart I, Tranah TH, Shawcross DL. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Apr 10. pii: S0003-9861(13)00105-7. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.03.016. [Epub ahead of print]

336.	Cognitive functions in patients with liver cirrhosis: A tendency to commit more memory errors
	Cie?ko-Michalska I, Wójcik J, Senderecka M, Wyczesany M, Binder M, Szewczyk J, Dziedzic T, S?owik A, Mach T. Med Sci Monit. 2013 Apr 19;19:283-288.

337.	Correlation between degree and quality of sleep disturbance and the level of neuropsychiatric impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis
	Samanta J, Dhiman RK, Khatri A, Thumburu KK, Grover S, Duseja A, Chawla Y. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of print]

338.	Increased risk of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections
	Merli M, Lucidi C, Pentassuglio I, Giannelli V, Giusto M, Gregorio VD, Pasquale C, Nardelli S, Lattanzi B, Venditti M, Riggio O. J Hepatol. 2013 Mar 21. pii: S0168-8278(13)00190-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.012. [Epub ahead of print]

339.	Hepatic encephalopathy associated with cancer or anticancer therapy
	Willson KJ, Nott LM, Broadbridge VT, Price T. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2013 Jan;6(1):11-6.

340.	Update on cerebral uptake of blood ammonia
	Sørensen M. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 13. [Epub ahead of print]

341.	Altered Mental Status in Cirrhosis: Etiologies and Outcomes
	Rahimi RS, Elliott AC, Rockey DC. J Investig Med. 2013 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]

342.	Gut microbiota and hepatic encephalopathy
	Dhiman RK. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]

343.	Lactulose Is Highly Potential in Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Results of a Controlled Randomized Trial
	Wen J, Liu Q, Song J, Tong M, Peng L, Liang H. Digestion. 2013 Mar 6;87(2):132-138. [Epub ahead of print]

344.	Neurotransmitter receptor alterations in hepatic encephalopathy: A review
	Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Mar 1. pii: S0003-9861(13)00061-1. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.02.010. [Epub ahead of print]

345.	End-stage liver disease complications
	Rahimi RS, Rockey DC. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb 19. [Epub ahead of print]

346.	The effect of infections on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
	Hung TH, Lay CJ, Chang CM, Tsai JJ, Tsai CC, Tsai CC. Epidemiol Infect. 2013 Feb 22:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]

347.	Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the sleep architecture in cirrhosis
	Kappus MR, Leszczyszyn DJ, Moses L, Raman S, Heuman DM, Bajaj JS. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Mar 15;9(3):247-51. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2488.

348.	Gastric Varices and Hepatic Encephalopathy: Treatment with Vascular Plug and Gelatin Sponge-assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration--A Primary Report
	Gwon DI, Ko GY, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Kim JH, Shin JH, Ko HK, Song HY. Radiology. 2013 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print]

349.	L-ornithine-L-aspartate for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
	Bai M, Yang Z, Qi X, Fan D, Han G. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12142. [Epub ahead of print]

350.	Serum Endotoxin, Inflammatory mediators and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy before and after treatment in patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Jain L, Sharma BC, Srivastava S, Puri SK, Sharma P, Sarin S. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12160. [Epub ahead of print]

351.	Modulation of neural activation following treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
	McPhail MJ, Leech R, Grover VP, Fitzpatrick JA, Dhanjal NS, Crossey MM, Pflugrad H, Saxby BK, Wesnes K, Dresner MA, Waldman AD, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD. Neurology. 2013 Feb 20. [Epub ahead of print]

352.	Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy : A multi-center survey on safety & efficacy
	Laleman W, Simon-Talero M, Maleux G, Perez M, Ameloot K, Soriano G, Villalba J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Barrufet M, Jalan R, Brookes J, Thalassinos E, Burroughs AK, Cordoba J, Nevens F; on behalf of the EASL-CLIF-consortium. Hepatology. 2013 Feb 7. doi: 10.1002/hep.26314. [Epub ahead of print]

353.	The stroop smartphone APP is a short and valid method toscreen for minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Bajaj JS, Thacker LR, Heuman DM, Fuchs M, Sterling RK, Sanyal AJ, Puri P, Siddiqui MS, Stravitz RT, Bouneva I, Luketic V, Noble N, White MB, Monteith P, Unser A, Wade JB. Hepatology. 2013 Feb 6. doi: 10.1002/hep.26309. [Epub ahead of print]

354.	Can the tyrosine kinase inhibitors trigger metabolic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients?
	Brandi G, de Rosa F, Calzà L, Girolamo SD, Tufoni M, Ricci CS, Cirignotta F, Caraceni P, Biasco G. Liver Int. 2013 Mar;33(3):488-93. doi: 10.1111/liv.12102.

355.	Antibiotics for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
	Patidar KR, Bajaj JS. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print]

356.	Acetyl-L-carnitine in hepatic encephalopathy
	Malaguarnera M. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print]

357.	Role of branched chain amino acids in cerebral ammonia homeostasis related to hepatic encephalopathy
	Bak LK, Waagepetersen HS, Sørensen M, Ott P, Vilstrup H, Keiding S, Schousboe A. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 31. [Epub ahead of print]

358.	Altered effective connectivity network of the Basal Ganglia in low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: a resting-state FMRI study with granger causality analysis
	Qi R, Zhang LJ, Zhong J, Zhang Z, Ni L, Jiao Q, Liao W, Zheng G, Lu G. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053677. Epub 2013 Jan 11

359.	Melatonin levels in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with hepatic encephalopathy
	Chojnacki C, Romanowski M, Winczyk K, B?asiak J, Chojnacki J. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:510764. doi: 10.1155/2012/510764. Epub 2012 Dec 30.

360.	Gene expression profiling in the cerebral cortex of patients with cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy
	Görg B, Bidmon HJ, Häussinger D. Hepatology. 2013 Jan 16. doi: 10.1002/hep.26265. [Epub ahead of print]

361.	Erythromycin versus neomycin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind study
	Romeiro FG, da Silva Yamashiro F, Américo MF, Corá LA, Silva GF, Miranda J, Caramori CA. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan 16;13:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-13-13.

362.	Current pathogenetic aspects of hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy
	Cicho?-Lach H, Michalak A. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan 7;19(1):26-34. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i1.26.

363.	Lack of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Treated With Rifaximin for Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Analysis
	Neff GW, Jones M, Jonas M, Ravinuthala R, Novick D, Kaiser TE, Kemmer N. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb;47(2):188-92. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318276be13.

364.	Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
	Cie?ko-Michalska I, Szczepanek M, S?owik A, Mach T. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:642108. doi: 10.1155/2012/642108. Epub 2012 Dec 17.

365.	Disrupted Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Cirrhotic Patients without Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Resting State fMRI Study
	Zhang LJ, Qi R, Zhong J, Ni L, Zheng G, Xu J, Lu GM. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053206. Epub 2013 Jan 7.

366.	Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Options in Patients with Cirrhosis and Diabetes Mellitus
	Gundling F, Seidl H, Strassen I, Haller B, Siegmund T, Umgelter A, Pehl C, Schepp W, Schumm-Draeger PM. Digestion. 2013 Jan 10;87(2):75-84. [Epub ahead of print]

367.	The continuous reaction times method for diagnosing, grading, and monitoring minimal/covert hepatic encephalopathy.
	Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print] Lauridsen MM, Thiele M, Kimer N, Vilstrup H.

368.	Lactulose, rifaximin or branched chain amino acids for hepatic encephalopathy: what is the evidence?
	Gluud LL, Dam G, Borre M, Les I, Cordoba J, Marchesini G, Aagaard NK, Vilstrup H. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]

369.	Glutamine in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: The Trojan Horse Hypothesis Revisited
	Rama Rao KV, Norenberg MD. Neurochem Res. 2013 Jan 1. [Epub ahead of print]

370.	Comparison of the most favoured methods for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in liver transplantation candidates
	Goldbecker A, Weissenborn K, Hamidi Shahrezaei G, Afshar K, Rümke S, Barg-Hock H, Strassburg CP, Hecker H, Tryc AB. Gut. 2013 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print]

371.	Depression, anxiety and alexithymia symptoms are major determinants of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in cirrhotic patients
	Nardelli S, Pentassuglio I, Pasquale C, Ridola L, Moscucci F, Merli M, Mina C, Marianetti M, Fratino M, Izzo C, Merkel C, Riggio O. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]

372.	How to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy in the emergency department
	Gundling F, Zelihic E, Seidl H, Haller B, Umgelter A, Schepp W, Dodt C. Ann Hepatol. 2013 Jan;12(1):108-14.

373.	Meta-analysis: the diagnostic accuracy of critical flicker frequency in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Torlot FJ, McPhail MJ, Taylor-Robinson SD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Jan 7. doi: 10.1111/apt.12199. [Epub ahead of print]

374.	Resting State Cortical Electroencephalographic Rhythms in Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease
	Babiloni C, Vecchio F, Del Percio C, Montagnese S, Schiff S, Lizio R, Chini G, Serviddio G, Marzano N, Soricelli A, Frisoni GB, Rossini PM, Amodio P. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print]

375.	Increased Incidence of Orthopedic Fractures in Cirrhotic Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
	Tsai CF, Liu CJ, Chen TJ, Chu CJ, Lin HC, Lee FY, Su TP, Lu CL. J Hepatol. 2012 Dec 10. pii: S0168-8278(12)00919-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.001. [Epub ahead of print]

376.	Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: Focusing on gut microbiota
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377.	Changes in expression of the chloride homeostasis-regulating genes, KCC2 and NKCC1, in the blood of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
	Li JJ, Ji R, Shi YQ, Wang YY, Yang YL, Dou KF. Exp Ther Med. 2012 Dec;4(6):1075-1080. Epub 2012 Sep 24.

378.	Muscle depletion increases the risk of overt and minimal hepatic encephalopathy: results of a prospective study
	Merli M, Giusto M, Lucidi C, Giannelli V, Pentassuglio I, Di Gregorio V, Lattanzi B, Riggio O. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]

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