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The summaries are free for public use. The Chronic Liver Disease Foundation will continue to add and archive summaries of articles deemed relevant to CLDF by the Board of Trustees and its Advisors.

1.	Prognostic Implications of Minimal/Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy: Large-scale Validation Cohort Studies
	Flud CR¹, Duarte-Rojo A². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019 Jan-Feb;9(1):112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 May 4.

2.	Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: Pathology and Pathophysiology
	Butterworth RF¹. Drugs. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1017-0. [Epub ahead of print]

3.	Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Female Athlete
	Louis-Charles K¹, Biggie K², Wolfinbarger A¹, Wilcox B³, Kienstra CM². Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019 Feb;18(2):49-52. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000563.

4.	Impact of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis on Quality-of-Life Issues
	Montagnese S¹, Bajaj JS². Drugs. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1019-y. [Epub ahead of print]

5.	Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Clinical Grading and Diagnostic Principles
	Weissenborn K¹. Drugs. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1018-z. [Epub ahead of print]

6.	Nationwide Estimates and Risk Factors of Hospital Readmission in Patients with Cirrhosis in the United States
	Tapper EB^1,2. Hepatology. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/hep.30533. [Epub ahead of print]

7.	Predicting Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy for the Population with Cirrhosis
	Tapper EB^1,2. Hepatology. 2019 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/hep.30533. [Epub ahead of print]

8.	The Psychomotor Vigilance Task: Role in the Diagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Relationship with Driving Ability
	Formentin C¹, De Rui M¹, Zoncapè M¹, Ceccato S¹, Zarantonello L¹, Senzolo M², Burra P², Angeli P¹, Amodio P¹, Montagnese S³. J Hepatol. 2019 Jan 8. pii: S0168-8278(19)30005-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.12.031. [Epub ahead of print]

9.	Frailty Associated With Waitlist Mortality Independent of Ascites and Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Multi-Center Study
	Lai JC¹, Rahimi R², Verna EC³, Kappus MR⁴, Dunn MA⁵, McAdams-DeMarco M⁶, Haugen CE⁷, Volk ML⁸, Duarte-Rojo A⁹, Ganger DR¹⁰, O'leary JG¹¹, Dodge JL¹², Ladner D¹³, Segev D⁷. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan 17. pii: S0016-5085(19)30058-7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.028. [Epub ahead of print]

10.	Same- vs Different-Hospital Readmissions in Patients With Cirrhosis After Hospital Discharge
	Okafor PN¹, Nnadi AK², Okoli O³, Huang AE⁴, Nwaiwu O⁵. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jan 18. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000050. [Epub ahead of print]

11.	Resolution of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy and absence of variceal bleeding in decompensated hepatitis C virus cirrhosis patients
	Romano J¹, Sims OT²,³,⁴,⁵, Richman J⁶, Guo Y⁷, Matin T⁸, Shoreibah M⁹, Kommineni V¹, Venkata K¹, Massoud OI⁹. JGH Open. 2018 Sep 19;2(6):317-321. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12091. eCollection 2018 Dec.

12.	Superior Performance of Teaching and Transplant Hospitals in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy from 2007 to 2014
	Bodek D¹, Patel P¹, Ahlawat S¹, Orosz E¹, Nasereddin T¹, Pyrsopoulos N¹. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2018 Dec 28;6(4):362-371. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2017.00078. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

13.	Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Associated with an Increased Frequency of New or Worsening Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation
	Lewis DS¹, Lee TH², Konanur M¹, Ziegler C¹, Hall MD¹, Pabon-Ramos WM¹, Suhocki PV¹, Smith TP¹, Kim CY¹, Choi SS², Ronald J³. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019 Jan 10. pii: S1051-0443(18)31602-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.10.015. [Epub ahead of print]

14.	Quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Ridola L¹, Nardelli S², Gioia S², Riggio O². World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Dec 28;24(48):5446-5453. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5446.

15.	Hepatic encephalopathy 2018: A clinical practice guideline by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF)
	Montagnese S¹, Russo FP², Amodio P³, Burra P², Gasbarrini A⁴, Loguercio C⁵, Marchesini G⁶, Merli M⁷, Ponziani FR⁴, Riggio O⁷, Scarpignato C⁸. Dig Liver Dis. 2018 Dec 12. pii: S1590-8658(18)31274-X. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.11.035. [Epub ahead of print]

16.	Clinical Predictors for Poor Quality of Life in Patients With Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Labenz C¹,², Toenges G³, Schattenberg JM¹,², Nagel M¹,², Sprinzl MF¹,², Nguyen-Tat M¹,², Zimmermann T¹,², Huber Y¹,², Marquardt JU¹,², Galle PR¹,², Wörns MA¹,². J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018 Nov 14. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001149. [Epub ahead of print]

17.	MHE Testing in Real World Scenario
	Lauridsen MM¹, Vilstrup H². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Dec;8(4):438-440. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 May 5.

18.	Current Diagnosis and Classification of Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Amodio P¹. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Dec;8(4):432-437. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.07.001. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

19.	The role of Branched Chain Amino Acids in the treatment of hepatic Encephalopathy
	Dam G¹, Aamann L¹, Vistrup H¹, Gluud LL². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Dec;8(4):448-451. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.06.004. Epub 2018 Jun 27.

20.	Diet and the Role of Food in Common Gastrointestinal Diseases
	Pearlman M¹, Akpotaire O². Med Clin North Am. 2019 Jan;103(1):101-110. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.08.008.

21.	Long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose and/or rifaximin: a review of the evidence
	Hudson M¹,², Schuchmann M³. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Nov 15. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001311. [Epub ahead of print]

22.	Diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy: a multi-center study testing the utility of single versus combined testing
	Duarte-Rojo A¹, Allampati S², Thacker LR³, Flud CR¹, Patidar KR⁴, White MB⁴, Klair JS¹, Heuman DM⁴, Wade JB⁵, Gavis EA⁴, Bajaj JS⁶. Metab Brain Dis. 2018 Nov 30. doi: 10.1007/s11011-018-0350-z. [Epub ahead of print]

23.	Valproic acid induced acute liver injury resulting in hepatic encephalopathy- a case report and literature review
	Gayam V¹, Mandal AK¹, Khalid M¹, Shrestha B¹, Garlapati P¹, Khalid M². J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2018 Oct 15;8(5):311-314. doi: 10.1080/20009666.2018.1514933. eCollection 2018.

24.	Treatment with proton pump inhibitors increases the risk for development of hepatic encephalopathy after implantation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
	Sturm L¹, Bettinger D¹,², Giesler M¹, Boettler T¹, Schmidt A¹, Buettner N¹, Thimme R¹, Schultheiss M¹. United European Gastroenterol J. 2018 Nov;6(9):1380-1390. doi: 10.1177/2050640618795928. Epub 2018 Aug 15.

25.	Hepatic encephalopathy: Sometimes more portal than hepatic
	Aller MA¹, Arias N²,³, Blanco-Rivero J⁴, Arias JL³,⁵, Arias J¹. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Oct 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.14514. [Epub ahead of print]

26.	Frailty, Psychoactive Medications, and Cognitive Dysfunction are Associated with Poor Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cirrhosis
	Tapper EB¹, Baki J¹, Parikh ND¹, Lok AS¹. Hepatology. 2018 Nov 1. doi: 10.1002/hep.30336. [Epub ahead of print]

27.	Effects of branched chain amino acid supplementation on patient care outcomes in adults and children with liver cirrhosis: A systematic review
	Ooi PH¹, Gilmour SM², Yap J², Mager DR³. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018 Dec;28:41-51. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.07.012. Epub 2018 Aug 14.

28.	Efficacy of l-Ornithine l-Aspartate for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Hyperammonemia in Cirrhosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
	Butterworth RF¹, Kircheis G², Hilger N³, McPhail MJW⁴. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Sep;8(3):301-313. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 May 22.

29.	Hyperammonemia in Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Jayakumar AR¹,², Norenberg MD³,⁴,⁵. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Sep;8(3):272-280. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.06.007. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

30.	Periodontal Therapy Favorably Modulates the Oral-Gut-Hepatic Axis in Cirrhosis
	Bajaj JS¹, Matin P², White MB, Fagan A³, Golob Deeb J⁴, Acharya C⁵, Dalmet SS⁶, Sikaroodi M⁷, Gillevet PM⁷, Sahingur SE⁸. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018 Aug 17. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00230.2018. [Epub ahead of print]

31.	EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on nutrition in chronic liver disease
	Merli M, Berzigotti A, Zelber-Sagi S, Dasarathy S, Montagnese S, Genton L, Plauth M, Parés A. J Hepatol. 2018 Aug 22. pii: S0168-8278(18)32177-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.06.024. [Epub ahead of print]

32.	Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy-A Meta-Analysis
	Bjerring PN¹,², Gluud LL², Larsen FS¹. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Sep;8(3):286-293. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.06.002. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

33.	Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease
	Ochoa-Sanchez R¹, Rose CF¹. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Sep;8(3):262-271. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 18.

34.	Race and Gradient Difference Are Associated with Increased Risk of Hepatic EncephalopathyHospital Admission After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement
	Rowley MW¹,², Choi M³, Chen S⁴,², Hirsch K⁴,², Seetharam AB⁵,². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Sep;8(3):256-261. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.12.003. Epub 2017 Dec 30.

35.	Design of the Prospective Real-world Outcomes Study of hepatic encephalopathy Patients' Experience on Rifaximin-? (PROSPER): an observational study among 550 patients
	Krag A¹, Schuchmann M², Sodatonou H³, Pilot J³, Whitehouse J⁴, Strasser SI⁵, Hudson M⁶. Hepatol Med Policy. 2018 Jan 8;3:4. doi: 10.1186/s41124-017-0029-9. eCollection 2018.

36.	Proton pump inhibitors are associated to minimal and overt hepatic encephalopathy and increase mortality in cirrhotics.
	Nardelli S¹, Gioia S¹, Ridola L¹, Farcomeni A¹,², Merli M¹, Riggio O¹. Hepatology. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/hep.30304. [Epub ahead of print]

37.	Rifaximin has the potential to prevent complications of cirrhosis
	Flamm SL¹, Mullen KD², Heimanson Z³, Sanyal AJ⁴. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2018 Sep 28;11:1756284818800307. doi: 10.1177/1756284818800307. eCollection 2018.

38.	Complications of Cirrhosis in Primary Care: Recognition and Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Flamm SL¹. Am J Med Sci. 2018 Sep;356(3):296-303. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.06.008. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

39.	Olfactory Function is Affected in Patients with Cirrhosis Depending on the Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Heiser C¹, Haller B², Sohn M³, Hofauer B¹, Knopf A², Mühling T⁴, Freiherr J⁵, Bender M⁴, Tiller M⁴, Schmidt A⁴, Schepp W⁴, Gundling F. Ann Hepatol. 2018 Aug 24;17(5):822-829. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.3143.

40.	Hepatic encephalopathy impacts the predictive value of the Fried Frailty Index
	Tapper EB¹,², Konerman M¹, Murphy S³,⁴, Sonnenday CJ⁵. Am J Transplant. 2018 Jul 18. doi: 10.1111/ajt.15020. [Epub ahead of print]

41.	Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of rifaximin-? for the management of patients with hepatic encephalopathy in the United Kingdom
	Berni E¹, Murphy D², Whitehouse J², Conway P¹, Di Maggio P², Currie CJ¹,³, Poole C⁴. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018 Aug 13:1-8. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1499506. [Epub ahead of print]

42.	Current Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Acharya C¹, Bajaj JS². Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jul 13. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0179-4. [Epub ahead of print]

43.	Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy and Pharmacoeconomic Impact of Rifaximin
	Neff G¹, Zachry W 3rd². Pharmacoeconomics. 2018 Jul;36(7):809-822. doi: 10.1007/s40273-018-0641-6.

44.	Coil-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (CARTO): An Alternative Treatment Option for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Lee EW¹,², Saab S, Kaldas F³,⁴, Fletcher S⁵, Busuttil RW³,⁴, Durazo F³,⁶, McWilliams JP⁵, DiNorcia J 3rd³,⁴, Padia SA⁵, Kee ST⁵. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Aug;113(8):1187-1196. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0109-5. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

45.	Hepatic encephalopathy: current challenges and future prospects
	Swaminathan M¹, Ellul MA², Cross TJ¹. Hepat Med. 2018 Mar 22;10:1-11. doi: 10.2147/HMER.S118964. eCollection 2018.

46.	Why and when to measure ammonemia in cirrhosis?
	Mallet M¹, Weiss N², Thabut D¹, Rudler M³. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar 15. pii: S2210-7401(18)30031-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.01.004. [Epub ahead of print]

47.	Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy After Elective Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: Risk Factors and Outcomes with Revision
	Rowley MW¹,², Choi M³, Chen S⁴,², Hirsch K⁴,², Seetharam AB⁵,⁶. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018 Jun 5. doi: 10.1007/s00270-018-1992-2. [Epub ahead of print]

48.	Patient Acceptance of Lactulose Varies Between Indian and American Cohorts: Implications for Comparing and Designing Global Hepatic Encephalopathy Trials
	Rathi S¹, Fagan A², Wade JB³, Chopra M¹, White MB², Ganapathy D², Acharya C², Dhiman RK¹, Bajaj JS². J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Jun;8(2):109-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.11.010. Epub 2017 Dec 2.

49.	New concepts on intestinal microbiota and the role of the non-absorbable antibiotics with special reference to rifaximin in digestive diseases
	Bajaj JS¹, Barbara G², DuPont HL³, Mearin F⁴, Gasbarrini A⁵, Tack J⁶. Dig Liver Dis. 2018 Aug;50(8):741-749. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.04.020. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

50.	Liver-Microbiome Axis in Health and Disease
	Adolph TE¹, Grander C¹, Moschen AR1, Tilg H2.

51.	Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review of Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests
	Tapper EB¹,²,³, Parikh ND¹,²,³, Waljee AK¹,²,³, Volk M⁴, Carlozzi NE⁵, Lok AS¹,². Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Apr;113(4):529-538. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2018.6. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

52.	Considerations for the cost-effective management of hepatic encephalopathy
	Flamm SL¹. Am J Manag Care. 2018 Mar;24(4 Suppl):S51-S61.

53.	Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy Not Responsive to First-Line Treatments
	Nardelli S¹, Ridola L², Gioia S³, Riggio O³. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun;16(2):253-259. doi: 10.1007/s11938-018-0183-1.

54.	Antibiotic-Associated Disruption of Microbiota Composition and Function in Cirrhosis is Restored by Fecal Transplant
	Bajaj JS¹, Kakiyama G¹, Savidge T², Takei H³, Kassam ZA⁴, Fagan A¹, Gavis EA¹, Pandak WM¹, Nittono H³, Hylemon PB¹, Boonma P², Haag A², Heuman DM¹, Fuchs M¹, John B¹, Sikaroodi M⁵, Gillevet PM⁵. Hepatology. 2018 Apr 17. doi: 10.1002/hep.30037. [Epub ahead of print]

55.	Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Getting ready for prime-time
	Bajaj JS¹, Moreau R², Kamath PS³, Vargas HE⁴, Arroyo V⁵, Reddy KR⁶, Szabo G⁷, Tandon P⁸, Olson J⁹, Karvellas C⁸, Gustot T¹⁰, Lai JC¹¹, Wong F¹². Hepatology. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1002/hep.30056. [Epub ahead of print]

56.	Probiotics in Gastroenterology: How Pro Is the Evidence in Adults?
	Koretz RL¹,². Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 19. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0138-0. [Epub ahead of print]

57.	Coil-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (CARTO): An Alternative Treatment Option for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Lee EW¹,², Saab S, Kaldas F³,⁴, Fletcher S⁵, Busuttil RW³,⁴, Durazo F³,⁶, McWilliams JP⁵, DiNorcia J 3rd³,⁴, Padia SA⁵, Kee ST⁵. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 14. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0109-5. [Epub ahead of print]

58.	Critical flicker frequency test predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy and survival in patients with liver cirrhosis
	Barone M¹, Shahini E¹, Iannone A¹, Viggiani MT¹, Corvace V², Principi M¹, Di Leo A³. Dig Liver Dis. 2018 May;50(5):496-500. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.01.133. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

59.	Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy After Elective Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: Risk Factors and Outcomes with Revision
	Rowley MW¹,², Choi M³, Chen S⁴,², Hirsch K⁴,², Seetharam AB⁵,⁶. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018 Jun 5. doi: 10.1007/s00270-018-1992-2. [Epub ahead of print]

60.	New concepts on intestinal microbiota and the role of the non-absorbable antibiotics with special reference to rifaximin in digestive diseases
	Bajaj JS¹, Barbara G², DuPont HL³, Mearin F⁴, Gasbarrini A⁵, Tack J⁶. Dig Liver Dis. 2018 Apr 27. pii: S1590-8658(18)30717-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.04.020. [Epub ahead of print]

61.	L-ornithine L-aspartate for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathyin people with cirrhosis
	Goh ET¹, Stokes CS, Sidhu SS, Vilstrup H, Gluud LL, Morgan MY. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 15;5:CD012410. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012410.pub2.

62.	Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Getting ready for prime-time
	Bajaj JS¹, Moreau R², Kamath PS³, Vargas HE⁴, Arroyo V⁵, Reddy KR⁶, Szabo G⁷, Tandon P⁸, Olson J⁹, Karvellas C⁸, Gustot T¹⁰, Lai JC¹¹, Wong F¹². Hepatology. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1002/hep.30056. [Epub ahead of print]

63.	Development of a novel clinical staging model for cirrhosis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
	Haj M¹, Hart M¹, Rockey DC¹. J Investig Med. 2018 May 14. pii: jim-2018-000709. doi: 10.1136/jim-2018-000709. [Epub ahead of print]

64.	Antibiotic-Associated Disruption of Microbiota Composition and Function in Cirrhosis is Restored by Fecal Transplant
	Bajaj JS¹, Kakiyama G¹, Savidge T², Takei H³, Kassam ZA⁴, Fagan A¹, Gavis EA¹, Pandak WM¹, Nittono H³, Hylemon PB¹, Boonma P², Haag A², Heuman DM¹, Fuchs M¹, John B¹, Sikaroodi M⁵, Gillevet PM⁵. Hepatology. 2018 Apr 17. doi: 10.1002/hep.30037. [Epub ahead of print]

65.	Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy Not Responsive to First-Line Treatments
	Nardelli S¹, Ridola L², Gioia S³, Riggio O³. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun;16(2):253-259. doi: 10.1007/s11938-018-0183-1.

66.	Hepatic encephalopathy: Diagnosis and management
	Amodio P¹. Liver Int. 2018 Apr 6. doi: 10.1111/liv.13752. [Epub ahead of print]

67.	Covert hepatic encephalopathy leads to distinct alterations in the emotional state, independently of MELD-Score
	Greinert R#, Ripoll C, Zipprich A#.Z Gastroenterol. 2018 Jan 16. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-123766. [Epub ahead of print]

68.	Waitlist Outcomes in Liver Transplant Candidates with High MELD and Severe Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Gadiparthi C¹, Cholankeril G², Yoo ER³, Hu M⁴, Wong RJ⁵, Ahmed A⁶,⁷. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 Apr 2. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-5032-5. [Epub ahead of print]

69.	Hepatic encephalopathy: current challenges and future prospects
	Swaminathan M¹, Ellul MA², Cross TJ¹. Hepat Med. 2018 Mar 22;10:1-11. doi: 10.2147/HMER.S118964. eCollection 2018.

70.	Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review of Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests
	Tapper EB¹,²,³, Parikh ND¹,²,³, Waljee AK¹,²,³, Volk M⁴, Carlozzi NE⁵, Lok AS¹,². Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar 13. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2018.6. [Epub ahead of print]

71.	Why and when to measure ammonemia in cirrhosis?
	Mallet M¹, Weiss N², Thabut D¹, Rudler M³. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar 15. pii: S2210-7401(18)30031-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.01.004. [Epub ahead of print]

72.	Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a tertiary cohort of ambulant patients with chronic liver disease
	Ma MX¹, Huang Y¹,², Adams LA¹,², Gilpin R¹, Garas G¹,², MacQuillan G¹,², Jeffrey GP¹,², Nicholas RM¹. Intern Med J. 2018 Mar;48(3):347-350. doi: 10.1111/imj.13719.

73.	Interventions to improve physical function and prevent adverse events in cirrhosis
	Trivedi HD¹, Tapper EB². Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2018 Feb;6(1):13-20. doi: 10.1093/gastro/gox042. Epub 2018 Jan 10.

74.	Gut?:?liver?:?brain axis: the microbial challenge in the hepatic encephalopathy
	Mancini A¹, Campagna F², Amodio P², Tuohy KM¹. Food Funct. 2018 Feb 27. doi: 10.1039/c7fo01528c. [Epub ahead of print]

75.	The burden of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: from diagnosis to therapeutic strategies
	Ridola L¹, Cardinale V¹, Riggio O². Ann Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar-Apr;31(2):151-164. doi: 10.20524/aog.2018.0232. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

76.	Considerations for the cost-effective management of hepatic encephalopathy
	Flamm SL¹. Am J Manag Care. 2018 Mar;24(4 Suppl):S51-S61.

77.	Assessment of the Spectrum of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Multi-Center Study
	Reuter B¹, Walter K², Bissonnette J³, Leise MD⁴, Lai J⁵, Tandon P⁶, Kamath PS⁴, Biggins SW², Rose CF³, Wade JB¹, Bajaj JS¹. Liver Transpl. 2018 Feb 19. doi: 10.1002/lt.25032. [Epub ahead of print]

78.	Reducing recurrent hospital admissions in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
	Aspinall RJ¹. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2018 Feb 2;79(2):93-96. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.2.93.

79.	Effect of probiotic treatment on cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis
	Cao Q¹, Yu CB¹, Yang SG¹, Cao HC¹, Chen P¹, Deng M¹, Li LJ². Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2018 Feb;17(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Feb 2.

80.	Effects of Alcohol on the Brain in Cirrhosis: Beyond Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Davis BC¹, Bajaj JS¹. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Feb 8. doi: 10.1111/acer.13605. [Epub ahead of print]

81.	Breakthrough Clostridium difficile infection in cirrhotic patients receiving rifaximin
	Reigadas E¹,²,³, Alcalá L¹,³,⁴, Gómez J¹, Marín M¹,²,³,⁴, Martin A¹,³, Onori R¹, Muñoz P¹,²,³,⁴, Bouza E¹,²,³,⁴. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 23. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix918. [Epub ahead of print]

82.

Under-dilated TIPS Associate With Efficacy and Reduced Encephalopathy in a Prospective, Non-randomized Study of Patients With Cirrhosis

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253.	Branched-chain amino acids and ammonia metabolism in liver disease: Therapeutic implications
	Holecek M. Nutrition. 2013 Jun 4. pii: S0899-9007(13)00090-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.01.022. [Epub ahead of print]

254.	Sleep-wake abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis
	Montagnese S, De Pittà C, De Rui M, Corrias M, Turco M, Merkel C, Amodio P, Costa R, Skene DJ, Gatta A. Hepatology. 2013 Jun 6. doi: 10.1002/hep.26555. [Epub ahead of print]

255.	A systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of oral zinc in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
	Chavez-Tapia NC, Cesar-Arce A, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Villegas-López FA, Méndez-Sanchez N, Uribe M. Nutr J. 2013 Jun 6;12(1):74. [Epub ahead of print]

256.	Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Have a Beneficial Effect on Manifestations of Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
	Gluud LL, Dam G, Borre M, Les I, Cordoba J, Marchesini G, Aagaard NK, Risum N, Vilstrup H. J Nutr. 2013 Jun 5. [Epub ahead of print]

257.	Precipitants of hepatic encephalopathy induce rapid astrocyte swelling in an oxidative stress dependent manner
	Lachmann V, Görg B, Bidmon HJ, Keitel V, Häussinger D. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 May 24. pii: S0003-9861(13)00155-0. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.05.004. [Epub ahead of print]

258.	Serum nitrotyrosine and psychometric tests as indicators of impaired fitness to drive in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Felipo V, Urios A, Valero P, Sánchez M, Serra MA, Pareja I, Rodríguez F, Gimenez-Garzó C, Sanmartín J, Montoliu C. Liver Int. 2013 May 9. doi: 10.1111/liv.12206. [Epub ahead of print]

259.	Cognitive Dysfunction is Associated with Poor Socio-Economic Status in Patients with Cirrhosis: an International Multi-Center Study
	Bajaj JS, Riggio O, Allampati S, Prakash R, Gioia S, Onori E, Piazza N, Noble NA, White MB, Mullen KD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 May 21. pii: S1542-3565(13)00689-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.010. [Epub ahead of print]

260.	Efficacy of rifaximin versus lactulose for reducing the recurrence of overt hepatic encephalopathy and hopitalizations in cirrhosis
	Irimia R, Trifan A. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2012 Oct-Dec;116(4):1021-7.

261.	Hepatic encephalopathy: etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs
	Salgado M, Cortes Y. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2013;35(6):E1-9.

262.	Hepatic encephalopathy: diagnosis and treatment
	Salgado M, Cortes Y. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2013;35(6):E1-E10.

263.	Rifaximin versus Nonabsorbable Disaccharides for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Meta-Analysis.
	Wu D, Wu SM, Lu J, Zhou YQ, Xu L, Guo CY. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:236963. doi: 10.1155/2013/236963. Epub 2013 Apr 3.

264.	Role of the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide pathway in the pathogenesis and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy
	Wang QM, Yin XY, Duan ZJ, Guo SB, Sun XY. Mol Med Rep. 2013 May 13. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1472. [Epub ahead of print]

265.	Differential Impact of Hyponatremia and Hepatic Encephalopathy on Health-Related Quality of Life and Brain Metabolite Abnormalities in Cirrhosis
	Ahluwalia V, Wade JB, Thacker L, Kraft KA, Sterling RK, Stravitz RT, Fuchs M, Bouneva I, Puri P, Luketic V, Sanyal AJ, Gilles H, Heuman DM, Bajaj JS. J Hepatol. 2013 May 7. pii: S0168-8278(13)00278-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.023. [Epub ahead of print]

266.	Update on the management of cirrhosis - focus on cost-effective preventative strategies
	Neff GW, Kemmer N, Duncan C, Alsina A. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2013 Apr 12;5:143-52. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S30675. Print 2013.

267.	Use of ImPACT to Diagnose Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Accurate, Practical, User-Friendly Internet-Based Neuropsychological Test Battery
	Tsushima M, Tsushima W, Tsushima V, Lim N, Madrigal E, Jackson C, Mendler MH. Dig Dis Sci. 2013 Apr 27. [Epub ahead of print]

268.	Cognitive assessment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Brazil
	Torres DS, Abrantes J, Brandão-Mello CE. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]

269.	Clinical impact of arterial ammonia levels in ICU patients with different liver diseases
	Drolz A, Jäger B, Wewalka M, Saxa R, Horvatits T, Roedl K, Perkmann T, Zauner C, Kramer L, Ferenci P, Fuhrmann V. Intensive Care Med. 2013 May 1. [Epub ahead of print]

270.	Correlation between serum magnesium levels and hepatic encephalopathy in immediate post liver transplantation period
	Lopes PJ, Mei MF, Guardia AC, Stucchi RS, Udo EY, Warwar MI, Boin IF. Transplant Proc. 2013 Apr;45(3):1122-5. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.011.

271.	Impaired brain activity in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: evaluation by near infrared spectroscopy
	Nakanishi H, Kurosaki M, Nakanishi K, Tsuchiya K, Noda T, Tamaki N, Yasui Y, Hosokawa T, Ueda K, Itakura J, Anami K, Asahina Y, Enomoto N, Higuchi T, Izumi N. Hepatol Res. 2013 Apr 5. doi: 10.1111/hepr.12127. [Epub ahead of print]

272.	GABAergic transmission in hepatic encephalopathy
	Sergeeva OA. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Apr 23. pii: S0003-9861(13)00118-5. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.005. [Epub ahead of print]

273.	Inflammation and Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Coltart I, Tranah TH, Shawcross DL. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Apr 10. pii: S0003-9861(13)00105-7. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.03.016. [Epub ahead of print]

274.	Cognitive functions in patients with liver cirrhosis: A tendency to commit more memory errors
	Cie?ko-Michalska I, Wójcik J, Senderecka M, Wyczesany M, Binder M, Szewczyk J, Dziedzic T, S?owik A, Mach T. Med Sci Monit. 2013 Apr 19;19:283-288.

275.	Correlation between degree and quality of sleep disturbance and the level of neuropsychiatric impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis
	Samanta J, Dhiman RK, Khatri A, Thumburu KK, Grover S, Duseja A, Chawla Y. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of print]

276.	Increased risk of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections
	Merli M, Lucidi C, Pentassuglio I, Giannelli V, Giusto M, Gregorio VD, Pasquale C, Nardelli S, Lattanzi B, Venditti M, Riggio O. J Hepatol. 2013 Mar 21. pii: S0168-8278(13)00190-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.012. [Epub ahead of print]

277.	Hepatic encephalopathy associated with cancer or anticancer therapy
	Willson KJ, Nott LM, Broadbridge VT, Price T. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2013 Jan;6(1):11-6.

278.	Update on cerebral uptake of blood ammonia
	Sørensen M. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 13. [Epub ahead of print]

279.	Altered Mental Status in Cirrhosis: Etiologies and Outcomes
	Rahimi RS, Elliott AC, Rockey DC. J Investig Med. 2013 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]

280.	Gut microbiota and hepatic encephalopathy
	Dhiman RK. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]

281.	Lactulose Is Highly Potential in Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Results of a Controlled Randomized Trial
	Wen J, Liu Q, Song J, Tong M, Peng L, Liang H. Digestion. 2013 Mar 6;87(2):132-138. [Epub ahead of print]

282.	Neurotransmitter receptor alterations in hepatic encephalopathy: A review
	Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Mar 1. pii: S0003-9861(13)00061-1. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.02.010. [Epub ahead of print]

283.	End-stage liver disease complications
	Rahimi RS, Rockey DC. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb 19. [Epub ahead of print]

284.	The effect of infections on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
	Hung TH, Lay CJ, Chang CM, Tsai JJ, Tsai CC, Tsai CC. Epidemiol Infect. 2013 Feb 22:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]

285.	Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the sleep architecture in cirrhosis
	Kappus MR, Leszczyszyn DJ, Moses L, Raman S, Heuman DM, Bajaj JS. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Mar 15;9(3):247-51. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2488.

286.	Gastric Varices and Hepatic Encephalopathy: Treatment with Vascular Plug and Gelatin Sponge-assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration--A Primary Report
	Gwon DI, Ko GY, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Kim JH, Shin JH, Ko HK, Song HY. Radiology. 2013 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print]

287.	L-ornithine-L-aspartate for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
	Bai M, Yang Z, Qi X, Fan D, Han G. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12142. [Epub ahead of print]

288.	Serum Endotoxin, Inflammatory mediators and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy before and after treatment in patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
	Jain L, Sharma BC, Srivastava S, Puri SK, Sharma P, Sarin S. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12160. [Epub ahead of print]

289.	Modulation of neural activation following treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
	McPhail MJ, Leech R, Grover VP, Fitzpatrick JA, Dhanjal NS, Crossey MM, Pflugrad H, Saxby BK, Wesnes K, Dresner MA, Waldman AD, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD. Neurology. 2013 Feb 20. [Epub ahead of print]

290.	Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy : A multi-center survey on safety & efficacy
	Laleman W, Simon-Talero M, Maleux G, Perez M, Ameloot K, Soriano G, Villalba J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Barrufet M, Jalan R, Brookes J, Thalassinos E, Burroughs AK, Cordoba J, Nevens F; on behalf of the EASL-CLIF-consortium. Hepatology. 2013 Feb 7. doi: 10.1002/hep.26314. [Epub ahead of print]

291.	The stroop smartphone APP is a short and valid method toscreen for minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Bajaj JS, Thacker LR, Heuman DM, Fuchs M, Sterling RK, Sanyal AJ, Puri P, Siddiqui MS, Stravitz RT, Bouneva I, Luketic V, Noble N, White MB, Monteith P, Unser A, Wade JB. Hepatology. 2013 Feb 6. doi: 10.1002/hep.26309. [Epub ahead of print]

292.	Can the tyrosine kinase inhibitors trigger metabolic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients?
	Brandi G, de Rosa F, Calzà L, Girolamo SD, Tufoni M, Ricci CS, Cirignotta F, Caraceni P, Biasco G. Liver Int. 2013 Mar;33(3):488-93. doi: 10.1111/liv.12102.

293.	Antibiotics for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
	Patidar KR, Bajaj JS. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print]

294.	Acetyl-L-carnitine in hepatic encephalopathy
	Malaguarnera M. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print]

295.	Role of branched chain amino acids in cerebral ammonia homeostasis related to hepatic encephalopathy
	Bak LK, Waagepetersen HS, Sørensen M, Ott P, Vilstrup H, Keiding S, Schousboe A. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 31. [Epub ahead of print]

296.	Altered effective connectivity network of the Basal Ganglia in low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: a resting-state FMRI study with granger causality analysis
	Qi R, Zhang LJ, Zhong J, Zhang Z, Ni L, Jiao Q, Liao W, Zheng G, Lu G. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053677. Epub 2013 Jan 11

297.	Melatonin levels in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with hepatic encephalopathy
	Chojnacki C, Romanowski M, Winczyk K, B?asiak J, Chojnacki J. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:510764. doi: 10.1155/2012/510764. Epub 2012 Dec 30.

298.	Gene expression profiling in the cerebral cortex of patients with cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy
	Görg B, Bidmon HJ, Häussinger D. Hepatology. 2013 Jan 16. doi: 10.1002/hep.26265. [Epub ahead of print]

299.	Erythromycin versus neomycin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind study
	Romeiro FG, da Silva Yamashiro F, Américo MF, Corá LA, Silva GF, Miranda J, Caramori CA. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan 16;13:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-13-13.

300.	Current pathogenetic aspects of hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy
	Cicho?-Lach H, Michalak A. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan 7;19(1):26-34. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i1.26.

301.	Lack of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Treated With Rifaximin for Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Analysis
	Neff GW, Jones M, Jonas M, Ravinuthala R, Novick D, Kaiser TE, Kemmer N. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb;47(2):188-92. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318276be13.

302.	Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
	Cie?ko-Michalska I, Szczepanek M, S?owik A, Mach T. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:642108. doi: 10.1155/2012/642108. Epub 2012 Dec 17.

303.	Disrupted Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Cirrhotic Patients without Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Resting State fMRI Study
	Zhang LJ, Qi R, Zhong J, Ni L, Zheng G, Xu J, Lu GM. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053206. Epub 2013 Jan 7.

304.	Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Options in Patients with Cirrhosis and Diabetes Mellitus
	Gundling F, Seidl H, Strassen I, Haller B, Siegmund T, Umgelter A, Pehl C, Schepp W, Schumm-Draeger PM. Digestion. 2013 Jan 10;87(2):75-84. [Epub ahead of print]

305.	The continuous reaction times method for diagnosing, grading, and monitoring minimal/covert hepatic encephalopathy.
	Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print] Lauridsen MM, Thiele M, Kimer N, Vilstrup H.

306.	Lactulose, rifaximin or branched chain amino acids for hepatic encephalopathy: what is the evidence?
	Gluud LL, Dam G, Borre M, Les I, Cordoba J, Marchesini G, Aagaard NK, Vilstrup H. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]

307.	Glutamine in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: The Trojan Horse Hypothesis Revisited
	Rama Rao KV, Norenberg MD. Neurochem Res. 2013 Jan 1. [Epub ahead of print]

308.	Comparison of the most favoured methods for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in liver transplantation candidates
	Goldbecker A, Weissenborn K, Hamidi Shahrezaei G, Afshar K, Rümke S, Barg-Hock H, Strassburg CP, Hecker H, Tryc AB. Gut. 2013 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print]

309.	Depression, anxiety and alexithymia symptoms are major determinants of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in cirrhotic patients
	Nardelli S, Pentassuglio I, Pasquale C, Ridola L, Moscucci F, Merli M, Mina C, Marianetti M, Fratino M, Izzo C, Merkel C, Riggio O. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]

310.	How to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy in the emergency department
	Gundling F, Zelihic E, Seidl H, Haller B, Umgelter A, Schepp W, Dodt C. Ann Hepatol. 2013 Jan;12(1):108-14.

311.	Meta-analysis: the diagnostic accuracy of critical flicker frequency in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
	Torlot FJ, McPhail MJ, Taylor-Robinson SD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Jan 7. doi: 10.1111/apt.12199. [Epub ahead of print]

312.	Resting State Cortical Electroencephalographic Rhythms in Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease
	Babiloni C, Vecchio F, Del Percio C, Montagnese S, Schiff S, Lizio R, Chini G, Serviddio G, Marzano N, Soricelli A, Frisoni GB, Rossini PM, Amodio P. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print]

313.	Increased Incidence of Orthopedic Fractures in Cirrhotic Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
	Tsai CF, Liu CJ, Chen TJ, Chu CJ, Lin HC, Lee FY, Su TP, Lu CL. J Hepatol. 2012 Dec 10. pii: S0168-8278(12)00919-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.001. [Epub ahead of print]

314.	Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: Focusing on gut microbiota
	Garcovich M, Zocco MA, Roccarina D, Ponziani FR, Gasbarrini A. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 14;18(46):6693-700. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6693.

315.	Changes in expression of the chloride homeostasis-regulating genes, KCC2 and NKCC1, in the blood of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
	Li JJ, Ji R, Shi YQ, Wang YY, Yang YL, Dou KF. Exp Ther Med. 2012 Dec;4(6):1075-1080. Epub 2012 Sep 24.

316.	Muscle depletion increases the risk of overt and minimal hepatic encephalopathy: results of a prospective study
	Merli M, Giusto M, Lucidi C, Giannelli V, Pentassuglio I, Di Gregorio V, Lattanzi B, Riggio O. Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]

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