Author information

¹Department of Upper GI, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

²Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

³Medical School, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

⁴Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

⁵Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

⁶Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.

⁷Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

⁸Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

⁹Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

¹⁰Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

¹¹College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

¹²Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

¹³NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

¹⁴Independent consultant, Nottingham, UK.

¹⁵National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

¹⁶Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

¹⁷Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁸Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

¹⁹Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

²⁰Department of Internal Medicine, Stravitz-Sanyal Institute of Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, VCU School of Medicine and Health System and Division of Gastroenterology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

²¹Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.

²²Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

²³The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, Kings College London.

²⁴Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

²⁵Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

²⁶Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

²⁷Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

²⁸Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

²⁹Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

³⁰Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

³¹Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.

³²School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

³³Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel.

³⁴Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

³⁵University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

³⁶CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York, New York, USA.

³⁷Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Abstract

Background: Following the adoption of new nomenclature for steatotic liver disease, we aimed to build consensus on the use of International Classification of Diseases codes and recommendations for future research and advocacy.

Methods: Through a two-stage Delphi process, a core group (n = 20) reviewed draft statements and recommendations (n = 6), indicating levels of agreement. Following revisions, this process was repeated with a large expert panel (n = 243) from 73 countries.

Results: Consensus ranged from 88.8% to 96.9% (mean = 92.3%).

Conclusions: This global consensus statement provides guidance on harmonizing the International Classification of Diseases coding for steatotic liver disease and future directions to advance the field.