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Abstract Details
A Review of HDV Infection
Viruses. 2022 Aug 10;14(8):1749. doi: 10.3390/v14081749.
1Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
2Unit of Gastroenterology, "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino" Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Abstract
Hepatitis D is the most severe viral hepatitis. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) has a very small RNA genome with unique biological properties. It requires for infection the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is transmitted parenterally, mainly by superinfection of HBsAg carriers who then develop chronic hepatitis D. HDV has been brought under control in high-income countries by the implementation of HBV vaccination, and the clinical pattern has changed to a chronic hepatitis D seen in ageing patients with advanced fibrotic disease; the disease remains a major health concern in developing countries of Africa and Asia. Every HBsAg-positive subject should be tested for HDV serum markers by reflex testing, independently of clinical status. Vaccination against HBV provides the best prophylaxis against hepatitis D. The only therapy available so far has been the poorly performing Interferon alfa; however, several new and promising therapeutic approaches are under study.